In modern communication systems, modulation is a key function that embeds the baseband signal (information) into a carrier wave so that it can be successfully broadcasted through a medium such as air ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...

This application note introduces the concepts of digital modulation used in many communications systems today. Emphasis is placed on explaining the tradeoffs that are made to optimize efficiencies in ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of ...

Electronic communications began as digital technology with Samuel Morse’s invention of the telegraph in 1845. The dots and dashes of his famous code were the binary ones and zeroes of the current ...

In spread-spectrum and direct-sequence receivers, it’s often necessary to change the frequency of the clock oscillator, and thus the spreading-code clock, to lock the receiver’s reference pseudorandom ...

If you’ve been shopping for a new TV at any point in the last decade, you’ve probably run across the industry’s favorite tech terms, like brightness, contrast ratio, black levels, and even high ...

Synaptic transmission in the brain generally depends on action potentials. However, recent studies indicate that subthreshold variation in the presynaptic membrane potential also determines ...

Modulation is the process of varying a higher frequency carrier wave to transmit information. Though it is theoretically possible to transmit baseband signals (or information) without modulating it, ...